Why do writers use pseudonyms?

Question

It's common enough -- recently I was looking for Seanan McGuire's newer book only to find it was published as "Mira Grant".

Why would an author do this?

Answer 1

Two reasons I know of:

1. Personal - some people are exceptionally private, especially in this day and age, and would like to remain so in their personal lives.
2. Professional - much like other artists, authors can be tied to a specific style of writing or genre. Existing fans can be upset if an author experiments in another genre, and new fans can't be picked up if they automatically assume everything the author writes is not something they'd like to read.

There may be legal reasons, too - but IANAL.

Answer 2

Of the Brontë sisters' motivation to use pseudonyms Wikipedia has to say:

In 1846, the sisters' poems were published in one volume as Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell. The Brontë sisters had adopted pseudonyms for publication: Charlotte was Currer Bell, Emily was Ellis Bell and Anne was Acton Bell. Charlotte wrote in the "Biographical Notice of Ellis and Acton Bell" that their "ambiguous choice" was "dictated by a sort of conscientious scruple at assuming Christian names positively masculine, while we did not like to declare ourselves women, because... we had a vague impression that authoresses are liable to be looked on with prejudice[.]"

Answer 3

To differentiate between genres, averting confusion, especially in marketing.

Hardly a pseudonym, but there's Iain Banks - fiction writer and Iain M Banks - science fiction writer. Collectively, these days, he's known as Iain [M] Banks.

Answer 4

Women writers used to do it because only men authors were taken seriously. Sometimes people don't want the fame from their writing they just want to do it for the art. The pen name allows them peace from the hype of their book. Sometimes people are afraid of critics and feel better if its not actually their name being bashed it makes it feel less personal.

Answer 5

For example, to distantiate themselves from what they are paid for to write for good money from what they want to be proud of.

Answer 6

To answer your specific question about Seanan/Mira, see http://seananmcguire.com/writefaq.php#mira. In her case, she's using different names for urban fantasy vs science fiction.

There's also the classic midlist death spiral--author doesn't sell enough, publisher drops them, author changes name so they can sell new books.

Answer 7

On Stephen King's website we learn that he used a pseudonym to be able to publish more than 1 book a year during a certain period of his carrer:

"I did that because back in the early days of my career there was a feeling in the publishing business that one book a year was all the public would accept [...]."

Answer 8

One unusual reason I haven't seen touched on: Some people do it to access a side of them that they want to express, creating a kind of virtual "person" with different attributes. Some people call it their "muse" and other pet names.

It's a way of allowing themselves to overcome some mental barrier by pretending to be someone else, with special "powers", like a kind of super writer with confidence they might not normally possess.

Personally, I don't go in for it ;)...

Answer 9

Sometimes pen names are used to fit with an imaginary "true story". A great example is The Princess Bride, in which the real author (William Goldman) pretends it's a "true story" written by someone of the era (S. Morgenstern).

Still, that falls under Marketing I guess.

Another reason is that an author may want to be shelved with other authors of their genre, especially highly successful authors. For instance, if you were a fantasy author it might seem attractive to have your novel sitting next to Tolkien's great works. Thus, anyone looking for Tolkien may stumble across yours.

Answer 10

Zane hit the main ones: desire for personal privacy the other primary reason I know is marketing - same as actors, some authors will adopt snazzier-sounding names to sound good on the bookshelf.

Beyond that, you've got a lot of exceptional cases - Joe Hill is a pen name to avoid the otherwise-painfully-blatant connection to his father; Alice Bradley Sheldon probably falls under "privacy" but in a very extreme manner, etc. etc.